Vessel Heads
Vessel heads are critical components in pressure vessels, designed for various applications and standards.
End caps, also known as pipe caps, are pipe fittings designed to serve as closures at the ends of a piping system.
We also use caps to cut off the transition and the connection treat can be butt weld,socket weld and thread conection according to use requirements.
Their primary function is to seal the end of a pipe, providing protection and closure to the piping system. Pipe caps are essential components in various industries, helping prevent the entry of contaminants into the pipes and contributing to the overall integrity and functionality of the piping infrastructure.
Pipe caps fit over or are welded onto the end of a pipe, providing a liquid or gas tight seal.
End Caps are used for connecting pipes of different diameters and find wide applications in various chemicals, construction industries, paper, cement & ship builders.
Pipe caps are widely well-known for the utmost output and outstanding results that it gives.
It is commonly made from the one steel plate, so it should be seamless. The pipe end caps are available in various shapes, like the hemispherical, oval, round etc.
End cap is commonly made from the one steel plate, so it should be seamless. The pipe end caps are available in various shapes, like the hemispherical, oval, round etc.
Out diameter | High size | Wall thickness accord to 'E' | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
DN | NPS | E | E1 | E |
15 | 1/2 | 25 | 25 | 3.73 |
20 | 3/4 | 25 | 25 | 3.91 |
25 | 1 | 38 | 38 | 4.55 |
32 | 1 1/4 | 38 | 38 | 4.85 |
40 | 1 1/2 | 38 | 38 | 5.08 |
50 | 2 | 38 | 44 | 5.54 |
65 | 2 1/2 | 38 | 51 | 7.01 |
80 | 3 | 51 | 64 | 7.62 |
90 | 3 1/2 | 64 | 76 | 8.08 |
100 | 4 | 64 | 76 | 8.56 |
125 | 5 | 76 | 89 | 9.53 |
150 | 6 | 89 | 102 | 10.97 |
200 | 8 | 102 | 127 | 12.7 |
250 | 10 | 127 | 152 | 12.7 |
300 | 12 | 152 | 178 | 12.7 |
350 | 14 | 165 | 191 | 12.7 |
400 | 16 | 178 | 203 | 12.7 |
450 | 18 | 203 | 229 | 12.7 |
500 | 20 | 229 | 254 | 12.7 |
550 | 22 | 254 | 254 | 12.7 |
600 | 24 | 267 | 305 | 12.7 |
650 | 26 | 267 | ||
700 | 28 | 267 | ||
750 | 30 | 267 | ||
800 | 32 | 267 | ||
850 | 34 | 267 | ||
900 | 36 | 267 | ||
950 | 38 | 305 | ||
1000 | 40 | 305 | ||
1050 | 42 | 305 | ||
1100 | 44 | 343 | ||
1150 | 46 | 343 | ||
1200 | 48 | 343 |
Size range: 1/2 to 56 inches (DN15 to DN1400)
Pressure: SCH5 to SCH160v
Wall Thickness:sch10, sch20, sch30, std, sch40, sch60, xs, sch80, sch100, sch120, sch140, sch160, xxs, sch5s, sch20s, sch40s, sch80s
Max. wall thickness: 200mm
OD | ND | INCH | SCH20 | SCH40 | SCH80 | STD | XS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Weight | Weight | Weight | Weight | Weight | |||
88.9 | 80 | 3 | 0.66 | 0.92 | 0.66 | 0.92 | |
114.3 | 100 | 4 | 1.17 | 1.67 | 1.17 | 1.67 | |
141.3 | 125 | 5 | 1.91 | 2.78 | 1.91 | 2.78 | |
168.3 | 150 | 6 | 2.9 | 4.47 | 2.9 | 4.47 | |
219.1 | 200 | 8 | 4.09 | 5.19 | 8.05 | 5.19 | 8.05 |
273 | 250 | 10 | 6.36 | 9.15 | 12.5 | 9.15 | 12.5 |
323.8 | 300 | 12 | 9.08 | 14.4 | 26.8 | 13.2 | 17.3 |
355.6 | 350 | 14 | 13.2 | 18.8 | 34.5 | 15.9 | 20.4 |
406.4 | 400 | 16 | 16.8 | 26.7 | 47.7 | 20.4 | 26.3 |
457.2 | 450 | 18 | 24.8 | 41.8 | 67.7 | 25.9 | 33.6 |
508 | 500 | 20 | 32.2 | 54.9 | 91.3 | 32.2 | 42.7 |
558.8 | 550 | 22 | 37.7 | 49.9 | |||
609.6 | 600 | 24 | 46.3 | 93.1 | 155 | 46.3 | 59.5 |
Based on different materials, pipe caps include carbon steel cap, stainless steel cap, and alloy steel cap etc.
Depending on their construction, pipe caps contain threaded cap, tapered cap and anti-roll cap etc.
Outside diameter mm |
Wall thickness mm |
Height mm |
Weight kg |
---|---|---|---|
D | s1 | ||
21,3 | 2,0 | 25,0 | 0,060 |
26,9 | 2,3 | 32,0 | 0,070 |
33,7 | 2,6 | 38,0 | 0,110 |
3,2 | 0,130 | ||
42,4 | 2,6 | 38,0 | 0,130 |
3,6 | 0,170 | ||
48,3 | 2,6 | 38,0 | 0,200 |
4,0 | 0,230 | ||
60,3 | 2,9 | 38,0 | 0,280 |
4,5 | 0,320 | ||
76,1 | 2,9 | 38,0 | 0,340 |
5,0 | 0,390 | ||
88,9 | 3,2 | 51,0 | 0,530 |
5,6 | 0,700 | ||
108,0 | 3,6 | 64,0 | 1,000 |
114,3 | 3,6 | 64,0 | 1,000 |
6,3 | 1,500 | ||
133,0 | 4,0 | 76,0 | 1,600 |
139,7 | 4,0 | 76,0 | 1,700 |
6,3 | 2,500 | ||
159,0 | 4,5 | 90,0 | 2,400 |
168,3 | 4,5 | 89,0 | 2,650 |
7,1 | 3,550 | ||
219,0 | 6,3 | 100,0 | 5,550 |
8,0 | 6,700 | ||
273,0 | 6,3 | 127,0 | 8,800 |
323,9 | 7,1 | 152,0 | 14,000 |
355,6 | 8,0 | 165,0 | 16,500 |
406,4 | 8,8 | 178,0 | 18,200 |
508,0 | 11,0 | 229,0 | 38,000 |
ISO - dimensions
dimensions d1 x s | height L | weight / kg |
---|---|---|
21,3 x 2,0 | 9,0 | 0,01 |
26,9 x 2,0 | 9,0 | 0,01 |
33,7 x 2,0 | 13,0 | 0,02 |
42,4 x 2,0 | 13,0 | 0,04 |
48,3 x 2,0 | 13,5 | 0,05 |
60,3 x 2,0 | 18,5 | 0,07 |
76,1 x 2,0 | 20,5 | 0,10 |
88,9 x 2,0 | 25,0 | 0,15 |
114,3 x 2,0 | 28,0 | 0,26 |
114,3 x 3,0 | 29,0 | 0,39 |
139,7 x 3,0 | 38,5 | 0,60 |
168,3 x 3,0 | 47,5 | 0,90 |
219,1 x 3,0 | 63,5 | 1,32 |
273,0 x 3,0 | 93,0 | 1,95 |
323,9 x 3,0 | 102,0 | 2,70 |
355,6 x 3,0 | 109,0 | 3,80 |
406,4 x 3,0 | 123,0 | 5,00 |
457,2 x 3,0 | 123,0 | 6,10 |
508,0 x 3,0 | 133,0 | 7,60 |
Metric dimensions
dimensions d1 x s | height L | weight / kg |
---|---|---|
20,0 x 2,0 | 9,0 | 0,02 |
25,0 x 2,0 | 9,0 | 0,03 |
30,0 x 2,0 | 13,5 | 0,03 |
35,0 x 2,0 | 13,5 | 0,04 |
44,0 x 2,0 | 15,0 | 0,04 |
54,0 x 2,0 | 15,0 | 0,05 |
70,0 x 2,0 | 19,5 | 0,07 |
84,0 x 2,0 | 24,0 | 0,15 |
104,0 x 2,0 | 28,0 | 0,20 |
129,0 x 2,0 | 37,0 | 0,36 |
154,0 x 2,0 | 43,0 | 0,50 |
156,0 x 3,0 | 44,0 | 0,94 |
204,0 x 2,0 | 62,0 | 0,80 |
206,0 x 3,0 | 63,0 | 1,20 |
254,0 x 2,0 | 72,0 | 1,30 |
256,0 x 3,0 | 73,0 | 1,95 |
306,0 x 3,0 | 83,0 | 2,50 |
Out diameter | High size | Wall thickness accord to 'E' | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
DN | NPS | E | E1 | E |
15 | 1/2 | 25 | 25 | 3.73 |
20 | 3/4 | 25 | 25 | 3.91 |
25 | 1 | 38 | 38 | 4.55 |
32 | 1 1/4 | 38 | 38 | 4.85 |
40 | 1 1/2 | 38 | 38 | 5.08 |
50 | 2 | 38 | 44 | 5.54 |
65 | 2 1/2 | 38 | 51 | 7.01 |
80 | 3 | 51 | 64 | 7.62 |
90 | 3 1/2 | 64 | 76 | 8.08 |
100 | 4 | 64 | 76 | 8.56 |
125 | 5 | 76 | 89 | 9.53 |
150 | 6 | 89 | 102 | 10.97 |
200 | 8 | 102 | 127 | 12.7 |
250 | 10 | 127 | 152 | 12.7 |
300 | 12 | 152 | 178 | 12.7 |
350 | 14 | 165 | 191 | 12.7 |
400 | 16 | 178 | 203 | 12.7 |
450 | 18 | 203 | 229 | 12.7 |
500 | 20 | 229 | 254 | 12.7 |
550 | 22 | 254 | 254 | 12.7 |
600 | 24 | 267 | 305 | 12.7 |
650 | 26 | 267 | ||
700 | 28 | 267 | ||
750 | 30 | 267 | ||
800 | 32 | 267 | ||
850 | 34 | 267 | ||
900 | 36 | 267 | ||
950 | 38 | 305 | ||
1000 | 40 | 305 | ||
1050 | 42 | 305 | ||
1100 | 44 | 343 | ||
1150 | 46 | 343 | ||
1200 | 48 | 343 |
D(inch) | DN | OD | SCH5s | SCH10s | SCH10 | SCH20 | SCH30 | SCH40s | STD | SCH40 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1/8" | 6 | 10.3 | - | 1.24 | 1.73 | 1.73 | 1.73 | |||
1/4" | 8 | 13.7 | - | 1.65 | - | - | - | 2.24 | 2.24 | 2.24 |
3/8" | 10 | 17.1 | - | 1.65 | - | - | - | 2.31 | 2.31 | 2.31 |
1/2" | 15 | 21.3 | 1.65 | 2.11 | - | - | - | 2.77 | 2.77 | 2.77 |
3/4" | 20 | 26.7 | 1.65 | 2.11 | - | - | - | 2.87 | 2.87 | 2.87 |
1" | 25 | 33.4 | 1.65 | 2.77 | - | - | - | 3.38 | 3.38 | 3.38 |
11/4" | 32 | 42.2 | 1.65 | 2.77 | - | - | - | 3.56 | 3.56 | 3.56 |
11/2" | 40 | 48.3 | 1.65 | 2.77 | - | - | - | 3.68 | 3.68 | 3.68 |
2" | 50 | 60.3 | 1.65 | 2.77 | - | - | - | 3.91 | 3.91 | 3.91 |
21/2" | 65 | 73 | 2.11 | 3.05 | - | - | - | 5.16 | 5.16 | 5.16 |
3" | 80 | 88.9 | 2.11 | 3.05 | - | - | - | 5.49 | 5.49 | 5.49 |
31/2" | 90 | 101.6 | 2.11 | 3.05 | - | - | - | 5.74 | 5.74 | 5.74 |
4" | 100 | 114.3 | 2.11 | 3.05 | - | - | - | 6.02 | 6.02 | 6.02 |
5" | 125 | 141.3 | 2.77 | 3.4 | - | - | - | 6.55 | 6.55 | 6.55 |
6" | 150 | 168.3 | 2.77 | 3.4 | - | - | - | 7.11 | 7.11 | 7.11 |
8" | 200 | 219.1 | 2.77 | 3.76 | - | 6.35 | 7.04 | 8.18 | 8.18 | 8.18 |
10" | 250 | 273.1 | 3.4 | 4.19 | - | 6.35 | 7.8 | 9.27 | 9.27 | 9.27 |
12" | 300 | 323.9 | 3.96 | 4.57 | - | 6.35 | 8.83 | 9.53 | 9.53 | 10.31 |
14" | 350 | 355.6 | 3.96 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 9.53 | - | 9.53 | 11.13 |
16" | 400 | 406.4 | 4.19 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 9.53 | - | 9.53 | 12.7 |
18" | 450 | 457.2 | 4.19 | 4.78 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 11.13 | - | 9.53 | 14.27 |
20" | 500 | 508 | 4.78 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 12.7 | - | 9.53 | 15.09 |
22" | 550 | 558.8 | 4.78 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 12.7 | - | 9.53 | |
24" | 600 | 609.6 | 5.54 | 6.35 | 6.35 | 9.53 | 14.27 | - | 9.53 | 17.48 |
26" | 650 | 660.4 | - | - | 7.92 | 12.7 | - | - | 9.53 | - |
28" | 700 | 711.2 | - | - | 7.92 | 12.7 | 15.88 | - | 9.53 | - |
30" | 750 | 762 | 6.35 | 7.92 | 7.92 | 12.7 | 15.88 | - | 9.53 | - |
32" | 800 | 812.8 | - | - | 7.92 | 12.7 | 15.88 | - | 9.53 | 17.48 |
34" | 850 | 863.6 | - | - | 7.92 | 12.7 | 15.88 | - | 9.53 | 17.48 |
36" | 900 | 914.4 | - | - | 7.92 | 12.7 | 15.88 | - | 9.53 | 19.05 |
38" | 950 | 965.2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 9.53 | - |
40" | 1000 | 1016 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 9.53 | - |
42" | 1050 | 1066.8 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 9.53 | - |
44" | 1100 | 1117.6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 9.53 | - |
46" | 1150 | 1168.4 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 9.53 | - |
48" | 1200 | 1219.2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 9.53 | - |
Pipe fitting dimensions are in either metric or Standard English.
Because pipe fitting covers Pipe Fitting Dimensions several aspects, only the most common pipe fitting sizes can be given here. The most applied version is the 90° long radius and the 45° elbow, while the 90° short radius elbow is applied if there is too little space. The function of a 180° elbow is to change direction of flow through 180°. Both, the LR and the SR types have a center to center dimension double the matching 90° elbows. These fittings will generally be used in furnesses or other heating or cooling units.
Some of the standards that apply to buttwelded fittings are listed below. Many organizations such as ASME, ASTM, ISO, MSS, etc. have very well developed standards and specifications for buttwelded fittings. It is always up to the designer to ensure that they are following the applicable standard and company specification, if available, during the design process.
Some widely used pipe fitting standards are as follows:
ASME: American Society for Mechanical Engineers
This is one of the reputed organizations in the world developing codes and standards.
The schedule number for pipe fitting starts from ASME/ANSI B16. The various classifications of ASME/ANSI B16 standards for different pipe fittings are as follows:
ASTM International: American Society for Testing and Materials
This is one of the largest voluntary standards development organizations in the world. It was originally known as the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).
AWWA: American Water Works Association
AWWA About – Established in 1881, the American Water Works Association is the largest nonprofit, scientific and educational association dedicated to managing and treating water, the world’s most important resource.
ANSI: The American National Standards Institute
ANSI is a private, non-profit organization. Its main function is to administer and coordinate the U.S. voluntary standardization and conformity assessment system. It provides a forum for development of American national standards. ANSI assigns “schedule numbers”. These numbers classify wall thicknesses for different pressure uses.
MSS STANDARDS: Manufacturers Standardization Society
The Manufacturers Standardization Society (MSS) of the Valve and Fittings Industry is a non-profit technical association organized for development and improvement of industry, national and international codes and standards for: Valves, Valve Actuators, Valve Modification, Pipe Fittings, Pipe Hangers, Pipe Supports, Flanges and Associated Seals
Difference between “Standard” and “Codes”:
Piping codes imply the requirements of design, fabrication, use of materials, tests and inspection of various pipe and piping system. It has a limited jurisdiction defined by the code. On the other hand, piping standards imply application design and construction rules and requirements for pipe fittings like adapters, flanges, sleeves, elbows, union, tees, valves etc. Like a code, it also has a limited scope defined by the standard.
Factors affecting standards: “Standards” on pipe fittings are based on certain factors like as follows:
BSP: British Standard Pipe
BSP is the U.K. standard for pipe fittings. This refers to a family of standard screw thread types for interconnecting and sealing pipe ends by mating an external (male) with an internal (female) thread. This has been adopted internationally. It is also known as British Standard Pipe Taper threads (BSPT )or British Standard Pipe Parallel (Straight) threads (BSPP ). While the BSPT achieves pressure tight joints by the threads alone, the BSPP requires a sealing ring.
JIS: Japanese Industrial Standards
This is the Japanese industrial standards or the standards used for industrial activities in Japan for pipe, tube and fittings and published through Japanese Standards Associations.
NPT: National Pipe Thread
National Pipe Thread is a U.S. standard straight (NPS) threads or for tapered (NPT) threads. This is the most popular US standard for pipe fittings. NPT fittings are based on the internal diameter (ID) of the pipe fitting.
BOLTS & NUTS
We are manufacturer of Flange bolts & Nuts and supply high quality
AN: Here, “A” stands for Army and “N” stands for Navy
The AN standard was originally designed for the U.S. Military. Whenever, a pipe fitting is AN fittings, it means that the fittings are measured on the outside diameter of the fittings, that is, in 1/16 inch increments.
For example, an AN 4 fitting means a fitting with an external diameter of approximately 4/16″ or ¼”. It is to be noted that approximation is important because AN external diameter is not a direct fit with an equivalent NPT thread.
Dash (-) size
Dash size is the standard used to refer to the inside diameter of a hose. This indicates the size by a two digit number which represents the relative ID in sixteenths of an inch. This is also used interchangeably with AN fittings. For example, a Dash “8” fitting means an AN 8 fitting.
ISO: International Organization for Standardization
ISO is the industrial pipe, tube and fittings standards and specifications from the International Organization for Standardization. ISO standards are numbered. They have format as follows:
“ISO[/IEC] [IS] nnnnn[:yyyy] Title” where
Standard | Specification |
---|---|
ASTM A234 | Standard Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and High Temperature Service |
ASTM A420 | Standard Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Low-Temperature Service |
ASTM A234 WPB | ASTM A234 WPB refers to a specific grade of carbon steel pipe fittings, which are widely used in pressure piping and pressure vessel fabrication for service at moderate and elevated temperatures. |
ASME B16.9 | ASME B16.9 Standard covers overall dimensions, tolerances,ratings, testing, and markings for factory-made wrought buttwelding fittings in sizes NPS 1⁄2 through NPS 48 (DN 15 through DN 1200). |
ASME B16.28 | ASME B16.28 Standard covers ratings, overall dimensions, testing, tolerances, and markings for wrought carbon and alloy steel buttwelding short radius elbows and returns. |
MSS SP-97 | MSS SP-97 Standard Practice covers essential dimensions, finish, tolerances, testing, marking, material, and minimum strength requirements for 90 degree integrally reinforced forged branch outlet fittings of buttwelding, socket welding, and threaded types. |
ASTM A403 | Standard Specification for Wrought Austenitic Stainless Steel Piping Fittings. |
DIN | EN | ASME |
---|---|---|
St 35.8 I St 35.8 III 15 Mo 3 13 CrMo 4 4 10 CrMo 9 10 St 35 N St 52.0 St 52.4 |
P235GH-TC1 P235GH-TC2 16Mo3 13CrMo4-5 10CrMo9-10 X10CrMoVNb9-1 P215NL P265NL L360NB L360NE P355N P355NL1 P355NH |
WPB WPL6 WPL3 WPHY 52 WP11 WP22 WP5 WP9 WP91 WP92 |
Visual Inspection is conducted on fittings to check any surface imperfections. Both fittings body and weld are checked for any visible surface imperfections such as dents, die marks, porosity, undercuts, etc. Acceptance as per applicable standard.
For packing of carbon steel flanges with painting,we would use the bubble wrap to protect the painting.For flanges without painting or oiled with long-term shipment,we would suggest client to use the anti-tarnish paper and plastic bag to prevent the rust.