Butt weld pipe fittings allow for changing the direction of flow, reducing pipe sizes and attaching auxiliary equipment.
A common example using welded pipe fitting is a pipe reduced by concentric reducer, welded to a weld neck flange and connected to an equipment. Figure below represent complete collection of butt welded pipe fitting
The benefit to using a butt weld fitting is that it doesn’t leak. Because the butt weld is welded directly to pipe and not simply bolted together, it is not only much stronger than a typical fitting, but it allows for better flow through the system with less resistance to friction. Welded fittings also allows for better layout designs through key features such as being more compact and greater in strength.
All butt weld fittings have beveled ends as per ASME B16.25 standard. This helps create full penetration weld without any extra preparation needed for the butt weld fitting.
Butt weld pipe fittings are most commonly available in carbon steel, stainless steel, nickel alloy, aluminum and high yield material. High yield butt weld carbon steel pipe fittings are available in A234-WPB, A234-WPC, A420-WPL6, Y-52, Y-60, Y-65, Y-70. All WPL6 pipe fittings are annealed and are NACE MR0157 and NACE MR0103 compatible.
Material | Grade |
Carbon Steel | WPB, WPC, WPL6 |
Chrome Moly | WP5, WP9, WP11, WP12, WP22 |
Stainless Steel | 304/304L, 316/316L, 304H, 316H, 309, 310S, 317L, 321/321H, 347/347H, 904L, DUPLEX 2205 / SUPER DUPLEX 2507 |
High Yield Carbon Steel | WPHY42, WPHY52, WPHY65 |
Nickel Alloys | Alloy 20, 200, 201, 400, 600, 625, 800H/HT, 825, 254SMO, AL6XN, C276, C22, B3, HAST-X |
Forged Steel buttweld fittings are manufactured in accordance with ANSI / ASME B16.9.
Standard | Grade |
ASME: | ANSI B16.9, ANSI B16.28, MSS-SP-43 |
DIN: | DIN2605, DIN2615, DIN2616, DIN2617, DIN28011 |
EN: | EN10253-1, EN10253-2 |
ASTM A403 – ASME SA403 | Standard Specification for Wrought Austenitic Stainless Steel Piping Fittings |
ASME B16.9 | Factory-Made Wrought Fittings Buttwelding |
ASME B16.25 | Buttwelding Ends |
ASME B16.28 | Wrought Steel Short Radius Elbows and Buttwelding Returns |
MSS SP-43 | Wrought and Fabricated Butt-Welding Fittings for Low Pressure, Corrosion Resistant Applications |
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These fittings are the most common type of welded pipe fitting and are specified by nominal pipe size and pipe schedule. Buttweld fittings use seamless or welded pipe as the starting material and are forged (through multiple process) to get he shape of elbows, tees and reducers etc.
Fittings may be made to special dimensions, sizes,shapes, and tolerances by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
Welding Bevel acc. toThe ends of all buttweld fittings are bevelled, exceeding wall thickness 4 mm for austenitic stainless steel, or 5 mm for ferritic stainless steel. The shape of the bevel depending upon the actual wall thickness. This bevelled ends are needed to be able to make a "Butt weld".
Welding Bevel acc.to ASME / ANSI B16.9 and ASME / ANSI B16.28ASME B16.25 covers the preparation of buttwelding ends of piping components to be joined into a piping system by welding. It includes requirements for welding bevels, for external and internal shaping of heavy-wall components, and for preparation of internal ends (including dimensions and dimensional tolerances).
Our in-hourse R&D team developed bevel ends equipment are good using in thickness 2mm to 20mm pipe fittings, guarantee high efficiency and high quality.
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These weld edge preparation requirements are also incorporated into the ASME standards (e.g., B16.9, B16.5, B16.34).
ASME B16.25 sets standards for the preparation of the ends of components that need to be welded together.
Cut square or slight chamfer, at manufacturer’s option for :
The allowable pressure ratings for fittings designed in accordance with the standard ASME B 16.9–1993 may be calculated as for straight seamless pipe in accordance with the rules established in the applicable section of the ASME B 31 codes for pressure piping.
A pipe fitting is defined as a part used in a piping system, for changing direction, branching or for change of pipe diameter, and which is mechanically joined to the system.
There are many different types of fittings and they are the same in all sizes and schedules as the pipe.
Even welding and smooth weld line, can be substitute for seamless tube after drawing and cold rolling.
This Standard covers overall dimensions, tolerances, ratings, testing, and markings for wrought factory-made buttwelding fittings in sizes NPS 1 ⁄ 2 through 48 (DN 15 through 1200).
Fittings may be made to special dimensions, sizes, shapes, and tolerances by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
Welded pipe fittings are made as per ASME spec B16.9. ASME B16.9 covers factory made wrought steel butwelding fittings in sizes 1/2" to 48". This standard however does not cover low pressure corrosion resistant buttwelding fittings. See MSS SP-43, Wrought Stainless Steel Butt-Welding Fittings.
ASTM A234 WPB is the Standard Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and High Temperature Service.
Specifications
Chemical Composition%
Grade | C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Mo | Ni | Cu | Others |
– | – | – | max | max | – | – | – | – | – | – |
WPB | 0.3 | 0.29-1.06 | 0.05 | 0.058 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.15 | 0.4 | 0.4 | V 0.08 |
(1,2,3,4,5) | max | – | – | – | min | max | max | max | max | max |
Stainless buttweld fittings are available in 316 and 304 grades.
304/304L (UNS S30400/S30403)
Chemical Composition%
C | Cr | Mn | Ni | P | S | Si |
MAX | – | MAX | – | MAX | MAX | MAX |
0.035 | 18.0- 20.0 | 2.00 | 8.0-13.0 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.00 |
Tensile Requirements
Tensile Strength: (KSI) = 60
Yield Strength: (KSI) = 35
(KSI converts to MPA {Megapascals} by multiplying by 6.895)
316/316L (UNS S31600/S31603)
Chemical Composition%
C | Cr | Mn | Mo | Ni | P | S | Si |
MAX | – | MAX | – | Max | MAX | MAX | |
0.035 | 16.0- 18.0 | 2.00 | 2.0-3.0 | 10.0-14.0 | 0.045 | 0.030 | 1.00 |
Tensile Requirements
The ASTM A420 WPL6 steel pipe fittings means the butt welding pipe fittings whose material is ASTM A420 grade WPL6.ASTM A420 is standard specification for piping fittings of wrought carbon steel and alloy steel for low-temperature service.So A420 WPL6 fittings are specially used in low temperature conditions.
Chemical composition of A420 WPL6 material:
Grade | C | Mn | P | S | Si |
WPL6(1)(2) | 0.3 | 0.60-1.35 | 0.035 | 0.04 | 0.15-0.30 |
Mechanical properties of A420 WPL6 material:
Tensile Requirements | WPL6 |
Tensile Strength min, ksi [MPa] |
60-85[415-585] |
Yield Strength min, ksi [MPa] |
35[240] |
ASTM A420 WPL6 pipe fittings are one kind of butt welding pipe fittings,they are commonly produced from the steel pipes of ASTM A333 Grade 6.This material should be arranged the charpy V impact test in temperature of -46℃,to make sure it can work in a lower temperature service,for example in cold weather,winter or deep-sea water offshore projects.
Welded pipe fittings in carbon steel and stainless steel are the joining components that make possible the assembly of valves, pipes and equipment onto the piping system. Welded fittings compliment pipe flanges in any piping system and allows;
Pipe fittings are measured by their diameter, wall thickness (known as “schedule”), and shape or configuration.
Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) is a North American set of standard sizes for pipes used for high or low pressures and temperatures.
Fittings are sometimes thicker than their connecting pipes to meet performance requirements or due to manufacturing reasons.
By default, there are 5 opportunities, the 45°, 90° and 180° elbows, all three in the "long radius" version, and in addition the 90° and 180° elbows both in the "short radius" version.
There is no difference between 3R and 3D.
Larger numbers have smoother curves.
A reducer is the component in a pipeline that reduces the pipe size from a larger to a smaller bore (inner diameter).
A lateral separates one line into two; the second line branches at a 45˚ angle.
The WYE have two branch pipes at a 45 degree angle between them,and the two branch pipes are symmetrical to the centerline of the inflow pipe which means the two outflow direction are both at 22.5 degree to the inflow direction.
A seamless butt weld pipe fitting is made directly from a section of seamless pipe material, by applying heat and pressure to transform pipe directly into an elbow or other shape.
A seamless fitting has no welded parts by itself, a characteristic demanded in some critical applications.
By comparison, a regular butt weld fitting has one, two or more welds, depending on dimension, shape and manufacturing method.
No weld means less risk of weld yield and porosities.
PVF means Pipe, Valve and Fittings, and is widely used as short-hand to describe this industry.
PVFs can be made in a variety of metals or plastics.
Manufacturers typically specialize in special types of materials; distributors can carry narrow or very broad product lines.
Pipe fittings 12 inch or larger require specifying if fitting is standard wall (most commonly referred to sch 40) or a true schedule 40 is required.
This is needed since schedule 40 do NOT correspond to standard wall for pipe sizes 12” and bigger. A true sch 40 will be thicker than standard wall for pipe fittings 12” or bigger.
Differentiate between SCH 80 & True Schedule 80:Pipe fittings come in many forms with the most common being threaded fittings, socket weld fittings and buttweld fittings. This blog will explore the advantages of all three types, but especially the advantages of buttweld fittings and their applications.
Pipe fittings are essential parts of pipelines as they allow for the following:
All the buttweld fittings supplied by Special Piping Materials are designed in accordance to ASME standards.
Advantages:
Buttweld fittings can withstand pressures and temperatures in very harsh environments. They are generally considered to be the most robust welding fixture, no matter what industry it is required for. However, they do take a considerable time to fit and a highly skilled installer is required to weld them correctly on site.
There are different varieties of pipe fittings made of various materials and available in various shapes and sizes.
Our team is highly trained and experienced in servicing and producing all types of steel supplies.